Idet jeg ønsker læserne glædelig jul og godt nytår, er årsskiftet en passende anledning til dels at informere om undertegnedes aktuelle forskning, dels et online læringsspil kaldet PLAYSPACE. Det sidste først!
PLAYSPACE er et internetbaseret undervisningsspil om byrum og byliv. Det handler om aktuelle problemstillinger i danske byer. Problemstillingerne har en generel karakter og kan derfor med rette overføres til ens egen byzone - med skyldig hjælp fra underviseren. Spillet er udgivet og udviklet af Dansk Arkitektur Center i samarbejde med MUTOPIA; spillet er finansieret af Realdania og er gratis at benytte.
I Playspace kan man indrette 4 forskellige byrum - pladsen, havnen, vejkrydset og torvet. Det er som sagt et spil, og derfor gælder der visse regler: "Det gælder om at skabe et balanceret byrum, som både fungerer rent praktisk, er sikkert og rart at være i." Man skal for at få flest muligt point sørge for, at de forskellige parametre fremstår balanceret: "Det er antallet af mennesker, som du får samlet i dit byrum, der viser, hvor godt det er gået." Der er 50 forskellige elementer, eller objekter, og man kan vælge 15 af dem. Mange elementer er efter min mening helt håbløse. Når et byrum er gemt, kan andre rate det.
Jeg vælger at indrette en skole og får som kulisse et tomrum nedenfor metroen ved Fields på Amager. Nu gælder det om at gøre pladsen indbydende, og jeg kan vælge ... Ja, nu valgte jeg et element fra et galleri, med det resultat at der på min PC kom advarsel om, at et script ville tvinge min Adobe Flash Player 10 i knæ. Ville jeg fortsætte - nej tak. Så reboot'e: Nu ser jeg, hvad galleriet indeholder, nemlig en samling vildt fabulerende pladser, torve og havnerum. Jeg vælger igen at vende fokus mod mit eget space...
... som jeg indretter med en masse træer, nogle store sten og en bænk. Ret kedeligt, og jeg må bruge mange træer for at skærme for Fields. De mange træer skaber miljø (et af parametrene), men ikke så meget andet. Jeg gemmer min model, og hvad sker der. Endnu engang advares jeg om at min PC måske går i helt i stå, men hvad værre er (næsten), mit space bliver tilføjet elementer, som jeg nok havde valgt, men så sandelige også fravalgt igen (slettet), bl.a. nogle trebenede taburetter i stål (nu sværer de i luften), et klatrestativ, og en fyr der hopper rundt på sin ene arm! Meget besynderligt og helt klart utilfredsstillende. Jeg får også en stor, sur smiley (sic!) - men lad gå med det. Hvad jeg ikke kan acceptere, er den dårlige programmering - det har MUTOPIA ikke gjort godt nok. Og det er synd, for spillet er ellers ikke dårligt. Jeg kan hermed opfordre den rum- og it-interesserede læser til selv at prøve: DAC - PLAYSPACE
Når jeg med glæde anmelder PLAYSPACE skyldes det, at jeg faktisk siden januar 2007 har studeret hvordan arkitekter og ingeniører kæmper med forskellige, nye 3D modelleringsværktøjer. Altså i en rigtig praksis. Kort sagt undersøger jeg hvordan dette værktøj - en applikation - virker ind på særligt arkitektens hverdag: arkitektens arbejdsrutiner, -metoder og -processer. Hvordan en ny, computerbaseret 3D modelleringssoftware skaber masser af uventede effekter, som arkitekten løbende må forholde sig til. Jeg observerer og spørger ind til, hvad der sker og hvordan man nu lærer at håndtere den nye virkelighed, der af nogen betegnes som et nyt alfabet, et paradigmeskifte. Jeg erfarer (blandt meget andet) at en del af udfordringerne består i at håndtere uhensigtsmæssigheder, at få programmerne til at gøre det man ønsker, at man kort sagt bruger en frygtelig masse tid på at få det til at se effektivt ud. At man lærer, populært sagt, ved at udforske programmerne - på må og få (learning by fooling around, som en informant udtrykker det). At man betjener sig af forskellige kneb - for at klare sig. At visionerne måske nok holder, delvist, men at intet i denne verden kommer af sig selv.
Glædelig jul og godt nytår...
Jesper
19 december 2008
20 november 2008
Managing the Construction of Buildings
I sidste uge løb ovennævnte internationale konference så af stablen. Jeg præsenterede min artikel med den tvetydige titel, Disorganising Bureaucracies - endda i plenum. Det var en positiv oplevelse at erfare, at jeg ikke er den eneste, der interessererer mig eksplicit for 3D modellering / BIM. Dels fik jeg flere udmærkede spørgsmål og kommentarer fra tilhørerne (der er mindst et par emner at følge op på), dels blev der præsenteret andre forskningsprojekter, hvor omdrejningspunktet var det samme.
Særligt et projekt fik i den forbindelse min opmærksomhed, nemlig en empirisk analyse af vanskelighederne designet og udførelsen af London Heathrow Terminal 5. Problemet der blev undersøgt her var (ligeledes) de praktiske / institutionelle udfordringer der følger af, at BIM, som én fælles it-infrastruktur, skal samle tre forskellige professioner / kulturer (AEC: Architecture, Engineering og Construction).
I et tidligere indlæg (4/9) har jeg annonceret et udvidet abstract. Lad mig her citere fra konklusionen på artiklen:
Såfremt du er interesseret i at høre nærmere om hvordan jeg er kommet frem til denne konklusion, hører jeg gerne fra dig.
Særligt et projekt fik i den forbindelse min opmærksomhed, nemlig en empirisk analyse af vanskelighederne designet og udførelsen af London Heathrow Terminal 5. Problemet der blev undersøgt her var (ligeledes) de praktiske / institutionelle udfordringer der følger af, at BIM, som én fælles it-infrastruktur, skal samle tre forskellige professioner / kulturer (AEC: Architecture, Engineering og Construction).
I et tidligere indlæg (4/9) har jeg annonceret et udvidet abstract. Lad mig her citere fra konklusionen på artiklen:
The 3D BIM modelling practice by far exceeds the 2D CAD drawing practice in complexity. The 3D model is a highly relational entity that reaches out or associates itself with other entities of a practice; in that process it translates what it relates to. One of my informants actually said so: “But it [CAD] was a linear process, this [BIM] is no longer a linear process. Now we begin sketching in a tool that at once ramifies in all directions and it follows that if there are people who mesh with this process, who do not know what they do, then suddenly, the ignition defaults. Then the engine cuts out on one cylinder, and then the whole model is torn apart. It is insanely demanding to keep track of everything, and it becomes exponentially worse the more data you have in the model – you loose perspective.”
Flexibility is a corner stone in most medium-sized practices. You can’t afford to lose it, because it is a matter of survival. Being capable of moving around human resources is an imperative. It is not only a matter of motivation, of training, of changing routines and procedures, it is also a matter of data discipline, of setting-up QA procedures that take into account the potential harmful result of just minor mistakes. It is a matter of reconsidering traditional phases – well established (Danish) traditions and tender procedures are not necessarily compatible with the way in which foreign software developers have optimized their software; traditions are different in the UK, US, etc.
BIM was set about, in a Danish context by what we normally perceive of as a bureaucracy, but the software applications are almost perfect bureaucracies it themselves. When modelling is associated with existing practices working routines, quality assurance procedures, project phase models and much more are disrupted. The bureaucracy of BIM works in a way that existing practices get disorganised. Whether or not that is for the good or for the worse depends on your perspective, on the way you proceed. But the two paradigms are here, they will co-exist for a number of years to come. It is a challenge that comes with a price tag, but it is a challenge with both pro’s and con’s. I am uncertain as to degree the professed visions of BIM will come through but I have come to the conclusion that when the spokespersons of the actor-network hinted that BIM would initiate a revolution, a shift of paradigm, a new alphabet, they were right. The question remains, however, if the character or quality of the revolution is what they thought of.
Såfremt du er interesseret i at høre nærmere om hvordan jeg er kommet frem til denne konklusion, hører jeg gerne fra dig.
16 september 2008
BIM live
Primo september var jeg med til bips' årsmøde i Nyborg. Det altovervejende tema var i år BIM - Building Information Management, så det var næsten en must-go. Heldigvis levede konferencen op til forventningerne; det var inspirerende og lærerigt at være med, fx fik jeg indsigt en række nye cases.
Jeg vil her slå et særligt slag for det eksperiment, der var en del af konferencen, nemlig bips BIM live, hvor en række studerende (ingen arkitekter) forsøgte kræfter med at modellere en 3D model - på basis af en et konkret byggeprojekt.
Men, alt det kan man læse meget mere om på siten, hvor man så også kan studere resultatet.
04 september 2008
Disorganising Bureaucracies
Den 13-14 november deltager jeg i Center for Ledelse i Byggeriet's årlige konference om ledelse i byggeriet. Her skal jeg præsentere et arbejdspapir med titlen Disorganising Bureaucracies. Artiklen er stort set skrevet, men er endnu ikke klar til offentliggørelse. Ambitionen er at den på tidspunkt kan blive optaget i et passende tidsskrift. Abstract lyder som følger:
Background. In Denmark, on 1 January 2007, BEK no. 1365 entered into force. BEK 1365 is a public declaration intended to regulate the use of ICT in construction. Annexed to the declaration are ’ten commandments’ – demands that public clients have to enforce upon private firms competing for contracts. Command 5b dictates the public client to request that the design team produces a 3D building model. The building model must be object oriented and exchangeable via the IFC-format. The goal of the initiative – Digital Construction – is to spark efficiency in construction by introducing information and communication technology.
Problem. Several Danish practices rush to 3D digital modelling in response to, among others, public clients’ request for 3D building models. In the transition from 2D CAD (Computer Aided Design) to 3D BIM (Building Information Modelling) several complicated issues call for the attention of partners and e.g. CAD managers. Object oriented modelling challenge existing work procedures, methods and routines and puts strain on the users’ competences, e.g. their capacity to ‘work around’, to communicate and coordinate, to structure creative processes. Along with the debatable advantages of building modelling comes a plethora of challenges, namely the unforeseeable effects of socio-material associations. Sometimes 3D modelling transforms practice in surprising ways.
Research question. How does real bureaucracies’ (government agencies, i.e.) action vis-à-vis digitalization of construction effect the order of work in the design phase; what does it mean in relation to the management of competences.
Test-bed. 20+ explorative 2 hours (average) interviews – transcribed and analysed; approx. 40 hours of observation (video-observiews, face-to-face interaction / dialogue; a database of Q&A’s from a representational (41% return) sample of 269 architects, engineers, clients, etc. Collected between 2007-2008.
Methods assemblage. Inspired by a breed of alternative methodologies my research strategy draws on actor-network theory (ANT), taking an ontologically relativist, yet empirically realist approach. To that end concepts such as symmetry, actantiality, network, translation, mediation, association, the fluid and the fractal, embodiment and enactment are introduced.
Background. In Denmark, on 1 January 2007, BEK no. 1365 entered into force. BEK 1365 is a public declaration intended to regulate the use of ICT in construction. Annexed to the declaration are ’ten commandments’ – demands that public clients have to enforce upon private firms competing for contracts. Command 5b dictates the public client to request that the design team produces a 3D building model. The building model must be object oriented and exchangeable via the IFC-format. The goal of the initiative – Digital Construction – is to spark efficiency in construction by introducing information and communication technology.
Problem. Several Danish practices rush to 3D digital modelling in response to, among others, public clients’ request for 3D building models. In the transition from 2D CAD (Computer Aided Design) to 3D BIM (Building Information Modelling) several complicated issues call for the attention of partners and e.g. CAD managers. Object oriented modelling challenge existing work procedures, methods and routines and puts strain on the users’ competences, e.g. their capacity to ‘work around’, to communicate and coordinate, to structure creative processes. Along with the debatable advantages of building modelling comes a plethora of challenges, namely the unforeseeable effects of socio-material associations. Sometimes 3D modelling transforms practice in surprising ways.
Research question. How does real bureaucracies’ (government agencies, i.e.) action vis-à-vis digitalization of construction effect the order of work in the design phase; what does it mean in relation to the management of competences.
Test-bed. 20+ explorative 2 hours (average) interviews – transcribed and analysed; approx. 40 hours of observation (video-observiews, face-to-face interaction / dialogue; a database of Q&A’s from a representational (41% return) sample of 269 architects, engineers, clients, etc. Collected between 2007-2008.
Methods assemblage. Inspired by a breed of alternative methodologies my research strategy draws on actor-network theory (ANT), taking an ontologically relativist, yet empirically realist approach. To that end concepts such as symmetry, actantiality, network, translation, mediation, association, the fluid and the fractal, embodiment and enactment are introduced.
EGOS 08
I juli deltog jeg i det 24. EGOS Kollokvium. Kollokviet blev i år afholdt i Amsterdam. EGOS er en forkortelse for European Group for Organizational Studies.
Jeg havde indsendt en artikel til konferencen, hvor jeg også præsenterede mine pointer (nedenfor viste videoklip var et af flere 'real-tids video obser-views', som jeg brugte til at krydre min præsentation med - vedlagte klip illustrerer hvordan en ingeniør arbejder med en 3D model...
Abstract. Based on multi-site ethno methodological field studies in the Danish construction industry this pa-per examines the relational effects of 3D object-based modelling. In describing how that technology is being introduced, shaped and enacted, how it associates with, mediates and translates existing practices, I discuss how it has effects for work methods and routines in an (inter-)organisational setting, namely that of architects and consulting engineers. The technology is introduced in the practices in question, in part because of a program referred to as Det Digitale Byggeri (Digital Construction). Among others, the program demands that architects and consulting engineers embrace a new breed of computer-based software programs allowing for 3D object-based modelling.
In this paper I will describe the program and the network of (non-)human actors en-gaged in the promotion hereof with a view to examine various ways in which 3D object-based modelling re-lates and associates itself with the wider socio-material actor-network. This is done in two interrelated sections that serve as a backdrop against which to understand on the one hand, how the program is sought stabilized, at least temporarily, and on the other hand, how the program is challenged by a number of unforeseen transla-tions – Digital Construction manifests itself in ways not anticipated in the original program. In continuation hereof follows a couple of analytical descriptions that illustrate in detail how 3D object-based modelling is en-acted in practice. I will discuss these cases with a view to understand the implications for organising, learning and knowing in the design phases of a construction projects.
Before this, however, I will present in detail the research question and how I intend to deal with it methodologically. I will outline a method assemblage, based on actor-network theory, and I will argue for why I have chosen this particular approach. Prior to the empirically grounded observations and description I have chosen to include a brief section on digitalization and construction IT.
Type of study. Theoretically grounded empirical research (work in progress). Novelty. A method assemblage based on readings of actor-network theory (ANT) / science, technology and social (STS) studies is suggested and applied so as to overcome the dichotomy of individual and organisational learning, to bridge the social and the material.
Du kan se andre publikationer her: Jesper Hundebøl, Publikationer.
Jeg havde indsendt en artikel til konferencen, hvor jeg også præsenterede mine pointer (nedenfor viste videoklip var et af flere 'real-tids video obser-views', som jeg brugte til at krydre min præsentation med - vedlagte klip illustrerer hvordan en ingeniør arbejder med en 3D model...
Abstract. Based on multi-site ethno methodological field studies in the Danish construction industry this pa-per examines the relational effects of 3D object-based modelling. In describing how that technology is being introduced, shaped and enacted, how it associates with, mediates and translates existing practices, I discuss how it has effects for work methods and routines in an (inter-)organisational setting, namely that of architects and consulting engineers. The technology is introduced in the practices in question, in part because of a program referred to as Det Digitale Byggeri (Digital Construction). Among others, the program demands that architects and consulting engineers embrace a new breed of computer-based software programs allowing for 3D object-based modelling.
In this paper I will describe the program and the network of (non-)human actors en-gaged in the promotion hereof with a view to examine various ways in which 3D object-based modelling re-lates and associates itself with the wider socio-material actor-network. This is done in two interrelated sections that serve as a backdrop against which to understand on the one hand, how the program is sought stabilized, at least temporarily, and on the other hand, how the program is challenged by a number of unforeseen transla-tions – Digital Construction manifests itself in ways not anticipated in the original program. In continuation hereof follows a couple of analytical descriptions that illustrate in detail how 3D object-based modelling is en-acted in practice. I will discuss these cases with a view to understand the implications for organising, learning and knowing in the design phases of a construction projects.
Before this, however, I will present in detail the research question and how I intend to deal with it methodologically. I will outline a method assemblage, based on actor-network theory, and I will argue for why I have chosen this particular approach. Prior to the empirically grounded observations and description I have chosen to include a brief section on digitalization and construction IT.
Type of study. Theoretically grounded empirical research (work in progress). Novelty. A method assemblage based on readings of actor-network theory (ANT) / science, technology and social (STS) studies is suggested and applied so as to overcome the dichotomy of individual and organisational learning, to bridge the social and the material.
Du kan se andre publikationer her: Jesper Hundebøl, Publikationer.
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